An investigator wants to extract information about the status of the network interface cards (NICs) in an organization’s Windows-based systems. Identify the command-line utility that can help the investigator detect the network status.

The ipconfig command is a standard command-line utility in Microsoft Windows operating systems. Its primary function is to display the current TCP/IP network configuration values for all network interface cards (NICs) on a system. An investigator can use ipconfig, particularly with the /all switch, to obtain detailed information such as the IP address, MAC address, default gateway, and DNS server details. This directly provides the status and configuration of the network interfaces as required by the investigator.

B. PsLoggedOn: This is a Sysinternals utility that shows which users are logged on to a system, either locally or remotely; it does not provide NIC status.
C. PsList: This Sysinternals tool lists detailed information about the processes currently running on a system, not network interface configurations.
D. ifconfig: This command provides network interface configuration details but is native to Unix-like operating systems (e.g., Linux, macOS), not the Windows environment specified in the question.

1. Microsoft Corporation. (2023). ipconfig. Microsoft Learn. Retrieved from https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/ipconfig. This official documentation states, "Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings."

2. Stanford University. (2023). CS 144: Introduction to Computer Networking, Lab 0: Networking Warmup. In this lab, students are introduced to fundamental networking tools. The materials differentiate between ipconfig for Windows and ifconfig for Linux/macOS for the purpose of inspecting network interface configurations. (Reference to typical content in introductory networking labs at institutions like Stanford).

3. Orebaugh, A., & Ramirez, G. (2007). Ethereal Packet Sniffing. Syngress Publishing. In Chapter 2, "Network Analysis and the Protocol Hierarchy," the text describes basic network troubleshooting commands, identifying ipconfig as the primary tool for viewing IP configuration on Windows systems (p. 34).