The answer is B because a bottom-up migration is a strategy for modularizing an existing application
by moving its dependencies to the module path one by one, starting from the lowest-level libraries
and ending with the application itself. This way, each module can declare its dependencies on other
modules using the module-info.java file, and benefit from the features of the Java Platform Module
System (JPMS), such as reliable configuration, strong encapsulation, and service loading.
Option A is incorrect because a top-down migration is a strategy for modularizing an existing
application by moving it to the module path first, along with its dependencies as automatic modules.
Automatic modules are non-modular JAR files that are treated as modules with some limitations,
such as not having a module descriptor or a fixed name. A top-down migration allows the application
to use the module path without requiring all of its dependencies to be modularized first.
Option C is incorrect because a top-down migration does not require any specific order of migrating
modules, as long as the application is moved first and its dependencies are moved as automatic
modules. A bottom-up migration, on the other hand, requires the required modules to migrate
before the modules that depend on them.
Option D is incorrect because unnamed modules are not automatic modules in any migration
strategy. Unnamed modules are modules that do not have a name or a module descriptor, such as
classes loaded from the class path or dynamically generated classes. Unnamed modules have
unrestricted access to all other modules, but they cannot be accessed by named modules, except
through reflection with reduced security checks. Reference:
Oracle Certified Professional: Java SE 17 Developer
Java SE 17 Developer
OCP Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 17 Developer Study Guide
Migrating to Modules (How and When) - JavaDeploy
Java 9 Modularity: Patterns and Practices for Developing Maintainable Applications
