An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging…

This solution addresses all requirements. A Network Load Balancer (NLB) operates at Layer 4 (TCP/UDP) and is suitable for forwarding MQTT traffic to the EC2 instances. AWS Global Accelerator provides static IP addresses and uses the AWS global network to route traffic from users to the optimal AWS endpoint, minimizing latency for a global customer base. The Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) feature allows the company to use its existing on-premises public IP addresses with Global Accelerator. This is critical because it avoids the need to reconfigure the hardcoded hardware sensor modules.

A. Using only an NLB with BYOIP would create a single-region endpoint, failing to provide the low-latency global routing required for customers across the world.
C. An Application Load Balancer (ALB) operates at Layer 7 and is designed for HTTP/S traffic; it is not suitable for a generic TCP protocol like MQTT.
D. Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) optimized for caching web content (HTTP/S), not for persistent, bi-directional TCP connections required by MQTT.

1. AWS Documentation, "Bring your own IP addresses (BYOIP) in AWS Global Accelerator". It states, "BYOIP lets you use your own public IPv4 addresses with Global Accelerator... You can continue to use IP addresses that are known to your customers' client applications."

2. AWS Documentation, "How AWS Global Accelerator works". It explains that Global Accelerator directs traffic to the "optimal endpoint based on performance, routing traffic over the congestion-free and redundant AWS global network."

3. AWS Documentation, "Listeners for your Network Load Balancer". It confirms that NLBs support TCP listeners, which are required for the MQTT protocol.

4. AWS Documentation, "Endpoints in AWS Global Accelerator". This page lists Network Load Balancers as a supported endpoint type for a Global Accelerator standard accelerator.