What are the benefits of traffic engineering in Transport networks? (Choose three.)

Traffic Engineering (TE) in transport networks is a set of mechanisms used to optimize network performance and resource utilization. Its primary benefits include:
1. Better utilization of network capacity: TE moves traffic from congested shortest paths to alternative, underutilized paths, balancing the load across the network.
2. Traffic steering: It provides the ability to explicitly control and steer traffic flows along specific paths to meet Service Level Agreement (SLA) requirements, such as low latency or high bandwidth.
3. Resiliency: TE enhances network survivability by pre-calculating and pre-provisioning backup paths, enabling rapid traffic restoration (e.g., MPLS Fast Reroute) in the event of a link or node failure.

A. Scaling access points: Scaling access points is a function of the radio access network (RAN) design and capacity planning, not a direct benefit of traffic engineering in the transport network. ---

1. Nokia Corporation, "Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - 5G Foundation," Course Material (2020).

Reference: In the module discussing 5G Transport Networks, the material explains that Traffic Engineering, particularly with MPLS-TE and Segment Routing (SR-TE), is crucial for optimizing the use of network resources (better utilization), directing traffic based on application needs (traffic steering), and ensuring high availability through fast reroute mechanisms (resiliency).

2. Nokia White Paper, "An introduction to Segment Routing," (2018).

Reference: Section 3, "Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (SR-TE)," pages 8-10. This section details how SR-TE allows operators to steer traffic through an explicit path, which improves network resource utilization and provides resiliency through mechanisms like Topology-Independent Loop-Free Alternate (TI-LFA) for sub-50ms protection.

3. Awduche, D., et al. "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels." RFC 3209, IETF, December 2001.

Reference: Section 1, "Introduction," paragraph 3. This foundational RFC for MPLS Traffic Engineering states its goals are to facilitate efficient use of network resources and to enhance traffic-oriented performance characteristics. This directly supports better utilization and traffic steering.

4. Sharma, V., et al. "Framework for MPLS-based Recovery." RFC 3469, IETF, February 2003.

Reference: Section 2, "Goals of MPLS-based Recovery," page 3. This document explicitly states that a key goal for MPLS recovery mechanisms (a core part of TE) is to provide resiliency and fast restoration of traffic in the face of network failures.