You are packaging a complex application to deploy to multiple Kubernetes clusters using GitOps. Which of the following would be a suitable solution for this process?

Under GitOps the desired state of an application (manifests, policy, values) is stored in Git and reconciled to one or many clusters by an agent (e.g., Flux / Argo CD). Helm charts package those Kubernetes resources as parameter-driven templates, making it easy to version, review, and reuse the same application definition across multiple clusters. A chart therefore fulfils the “declarative, immutable, and transportable” requirements of GitOps and is the industry-standard way to package complex Kubernetes applications.

B. CI/CD pipelines mainly build/test images; GitOps shifts deployment to a pull-based reconciler, not a pipeline push, so this is not the packaging solution asked.
C. Imperative scripts are not declarative, are hard to audit/version, and do not scale to multi-cluster GitOps workflows.
D. A Dockerfile only assembles the container image; it carries no Kubernetes manifests or multi-cluster configuration.

1. Helm Project Documentation, “Charts,” paragraphs 1-3, https://helm.sh/docs/intro/usinghelm/

2. CNCF GitOps Working Group Whitepaper v1.0, Section 4.2 “Declarative Descriptions”, https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GitOps-Principles-Whitepaper.pdf

3. Kubernetes Documentation, “Best practices for GitOps – Use Helm for managing complexity,” https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/gitops/

4. Flux Documentation, “Helm Controller,” Architecture §2, https://fluxcd.io/flux/architecture/#helm-controller