Which of the following statements about HR Information System architecture is correct?

In a three-tier HRIS, presentation (UI), application logic, and database are physically separated, improving scalability and security—an architecture widely adopted in modern web-based HR systems.

B. Cloud delivery shifts costs to operating expenses; no large capital outlay for servers/licences.

C. Single-tier places all layers on one machine; it does not decentralize across many.

D. In 2-tier client-server, processing is split between client and server; PCs do not handle all HR functions alone.

1. Kavanagh, M., Thite, M., & Johnson, R. Human Resource Information Systems (4th ed.), Ch. 5, pp. 118-120 – explanation of one-, two-, and three-tier architectures.

2. Oracle. “HR Cloud Technical Overview,” Doc ID 2536342.1, Sec. 2.1 – cloud reduces capital infrastructure.

3. MIT OCW 6.170 Lecture Notes, “Web Application Architecture,” pp. 2-3 – delineation of 3-tier model.