Which of the following would be an example of an "objective" privacy harm to an individual?

An objective privacy harm is a tangible, concrete, and often measurable negative consequence for an individual. Inaccuracies in personal data represent an objective problem—the data is demonstrably false. This can directly lead to objective harms such as being denied credit, employment, or other opportunities based on incorrect information. Unlike subjective harms, which are based on personal feelings, this type of harm is an externally verifiable issue with tangible repercussions.

A. Receiving spam is an objective event, but the resulting harm is primarily the subjective feeling of annoyance or intrusion.
B. "Negative feelings" resulting from surveillance are, by definition, a subjective harm based on an individual's emotional state.
C. Unexpected interest on social media typically leads to subjective feelings of unease or being watched, which are not tangible harms.

1. Solove, D. J. (2006). A Taxonomy of Privacy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 154(3), 477-560. Solove categorizes "Inaccuracy" as an "Information Processing" harm that can lead to objective negative consequences. https://doi.org/10.2307/40041279

2. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2017). NISTIR 8062, An Introduction to Privacy Engineering and Risk Management in Federal Systems. Section 3.2 discusses how problems for individuals can manifest as tangible harm, such as "being denied a benefit based on an incorrect assessment."