An administrator is troubleshooting a RAID issue in a failed server. The server reported a drive failure, and then it crashed and would no longer boot. There are two arrays on the failed server: a two-drive RAIO 0 set tor the OS, and an eight-drive RAID 10 set for dat a. Which of the following failure scenarios MOST likely occurred?

The server's operating system (OS) is installed on a two-drive RAID 0 array. RAID 0, also known as striping, offers no fault tolerance or data redundancy. The failure of a single drive in a RAID 0 array causes the entire logical volume to fail, making all data on it, including the OS, inaccessible. This directly explains why the server crashed and is now unable to boot. A single drive failure in the RAID 10 data array would not cause a boot failure, as RAID 10 is fault-tolerant and the OS is located on the separate RAID 0 array.

B. A drive failed and then recovered in the data array. A drive that recovered would not cause a persistent unbootable state for the server.
C. A drive failed in both of the arrays. While possible, a single failure in the critical OS array fully explains the symptoms, making it the most probable cause over a less common double-failure event.
D. A drive failed in the data array. The data array is RAID 10, which is fault-tolerant. A single drive failure would degrade performance but would not cause the array to fail or prevent the OS from booting. ---

1. Dell PowerEdge RAID Controller (PERC) 10 and 11 User's Guide: In the section "RAID levels and their properties

" the documentation states for RAID 0: "RAID 0 does not provide data redundancy. If a physical disk fails

the data in the entire virtual disk is lost." This confirms that a single drive failure in the OS array would cause it to fail completely. For RAID 10

it states: "RAID 10 can tolerate the loss of one or more drives as long as no two drives from the same mirror pair fail." (See section: RAID levels and their properties).

2. Patterson

D. A.

Gibson

G.

& Katz

R. H. (1988). A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID). University of California

Berkeley. Report No. UCB/CSD-88-477. In Section 2

"RAID: High Performance

Reliable Secondary Storage

" the paper defines RAID Level 0 as non-redundant disk striping. It explicitly notes its lack of fault tolerance

where a single disk failure results in data loss across the array. In contrast

RAID 1 (the basis for RAID 10's mirroring) is defined by its redundancy

which allows it to survive a disk failure.

3. Arpaci-Dusseau

R. H.

& Arpaci-Dusseau

A. C. (2018). Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces. Arpaci-Dusseau Books. In Chapter 40

"Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAIDs)

" the text explains: "With RAID-0

a single disk failure leads to data loss... Thus

RAID-0 is not a great choice for someone who cares about their data." For RAID-10

it is described as a combination of RAID-1 and RAID-0 that provides both performance and reliability

capable of tolerating disk failures within its mirrored sets. (See Section 40.3 and 40.5).