Strategic planning activities normally involve which of the following efforts:

Choice "d" is correct. Strategic planning activities are normally acknowledged to include each of three operations including:
I. Strategic positioning. Strategic positioning includes the process of identifying mission, identifying overall strategy, identifying factors critical to succeeding given the assumed strategy and identifying internal and external factors that contribute or detract from achieving the strategy.
II. Value chain analysis. Value chain analysis includes the process of identifying the functional characteristics of an organization and the manner in which each one of those functions adds value to the firm's customers.
III. Balanced scorecard development. Development of a balanced scorecard identifies measurements of value that are both financial and non-financial to be used to monitor and evaluate performance. Choice "a" is incorrect. All three activities are integral to strategic planning. Choice "b" is incorrect. All three activities are integral to strategic planning. Choice "c" is incorrect. All three activities are integral to strategic planning.