1. Pratt’s stats 2. Done deal 3. Bizcomps 4. IBA market database These are the four databases devoted to:

The four databases listed—Pratt’s Stats, DoneDeals, Bizcomps, and the IBA Market Database—are primary sources of empirical data for the Guideline Company Transaction Method. Collectively, their coverage spans from small, "main street" businesses (Bizcomps, IBA) to the lower and middle market (Pratt's Stats). A fundamental characteristic of the data in all these sources is that it represents transactions for controlling ownership interests. Therefore, they are devoted to providing data on both middle market and small company controlling ownership interest transactions, which is essential for deriving valuation multiples.

A. Middle-market: This is too narrow. Bizcomps, DoneDeals, and the IBA database specifically focus on smaller "main street" business transactions, not just the middle market.

B. Small company controlling ownership: This is also too narrow. Pratt's Stats is a leading database that includes a significant volume of middle-market transaction data in addition to smaller deals.

D. Shareholders equity: This is incorrect. These databases report the total transaction value, often expressed as Market Value of Invested Capital (MVIC), not just the shareholder's equity portion.

1. Pratt, S. P., & Niculita, A. V. (2022). Valuing a Business: The Analysis and Appraisal of Closely Held Companies (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. In Chapter 14, "The Guideline Company Transaction Method," the text describes these specific databases, noting their focus on controlling interest transactions across a spectrum of company sizes from small to middle market.

2. NACVA. (2023). Fundamentals, Techniques & Theory (FT&T). In the sections covering the Market Approach to valuation, the curriculum details the use of these databases (Pratt's Stats, Bizcomps, etc.) as sources for deriving pricing multiples from controlling-interest transactions of both small and mid-sized private companies.

3. Hitchner, J. R. (2017). Financial Valuation: Applications and Models (4th ed.). Wiley. Chapter 6, "The Market Approach—Guideline Public Company and Guideline Transaction Methods," discusses the characteristics of transaction databases, explicitly mentioning Pratt's Stats and Bizcomps as sources for controlling interest transactions in the private market, covering both small and mid-market segments.