Are the following application layers of the Internet of Vehicles ()? (Multiple choice).

The application layer of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) comprises services delivered to end-users or systems. Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) leverages driving data for dynamic insurance pricing. Vehicle anti-theft uses GPS and connectivity for tracking and recovery. Remote diagnosis allows for monitoring vehicle health and performing diagnostics without physical access. These are all direct applications. In contrast, QoS (Quality of Service) Coverage is a network-level requirement that ensures the reliability and performance needed for these applications to function; it is not an application itself but an enabler.

C. QOS Coverage: This is a characteristic of the underlying communication network (e.g., cellular network), not an end-user application in the IoV application layer.

1. Huawei, HCIA-IoT V2.5 Training Material. (2020). Section 4.2.2, "Internet of Vehicles (IoV)," details various IoV application scenarios, including fleet management, UBI, vehicle monitoring, and remote diagnosis.

2. Huawei, Huawei Connected Vehicle Solution White Paper. This document outlines key use cases and applications for IoV, explicitly mentioning UBI, remote vehicle diagnostics, and security services like anti-theft as primary application examples. It discusses QoS as a network capability, not an application.