The PDCA paradigm cycle is widely recognized as a process-centric approact?

The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is the core methodological framework for all ISO management system standards, including ISO 22301. It is fundamentally a process-centric approach. The cycle provides a four-stage iterative method for the control and continual improvement of processes. 'Plan' involves establishing objectives and processes, 'Do' is the implementation of the process, 'Check' involves monitoring and measuring the process against objectives, and 'Act' involves taking actions to continually improve process performance. This entire structure is designed to manage and enhance processes, making it inherently process-centric.

B. False: This is incorrect. The PDCA cycle is a classic model for process management and continuous improvement, which is the essence of a process-centric approach as applied in ISO standards.

1. ISO 22301:2019, Security and resilience — Business continuity management systems — Requirements.

Section 0.3, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle: This section explicitly states, "This document applies the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle to planning, establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and continually improving the effectiveness of an organization’s BCMS." This demonstrates that the standard's entire structure for managing the BCMS is based on this process-oriented cycle.

2. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2015). The Process Approach in ISO 9001:2015 (White Paper). ISO/TC 176/SC 2.

Page 4, Section "What is the PDCA cycle?": This official ISO guidance document, which explains concepts common to all management system standards, states, "The PDCA cycle is a tool that can be used to manage processes and systems... PDCA provides a simple and effective approach for solving problems and managing change. It enables the management of processes and the implementation of continual improvement."

3. Sari, D. P., & Hapsari, R. H. R. (2018). Implementation of Business Continuity Management System based on ISO 22301: 2012 and Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 407, 012143.

Section 3, "Result and Discussion": This academic paper details the application of the PDCA cycle to implement the ISO 22301 standard, describing it as a "cycle for process improvement" and mapping each clause of the standard to a phase of the PDCA cycle, reinforcing its process-centric nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/407/1/012143