Which of the following federal laws are related to hacking activities Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose three.

These three U.S. federal laws form a foundational legal framework for prosecuting hacking and related cybercrimes.

18 U.S.C. § 1030, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), is the primary U.S. anti-hacking statute, directly criminalizing unauthorized access to computer systems.

18 U.S.C. § 1029 targets fraud involving "access devices," which include passwords, account numbers, and other credentials frequently stolen or used during hacking activities to gain illicit access.

18 U.S.C. § 2510 provides the definitions for the Wiretap Act, which makes it illegal to intercept electronic communications without authorization. This directly relates to hacking techniques like network sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks.

D. 18 U.S.C. 1028: This statute primarily addresses fraud involving identification documents (e.g., passports, driver's licenses) and is less directly related to the technical act of unauthorized computer access than the other options.

1. United States Department of Justice. (2015). Prosecuting Computer Crimes. Office of Legal Education Executive Office for United States Attorneys.

Chapter 1: 18 U.S.C. § 1030 - The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (p. 3) explicitly identifies this as the main statute for prosecuting hacking cases.

Chapter 2: 18 U.S.C. § 1029 - Access Device Fraud (p. 69) details how this statute is used to prosecute crimes involving stolen credit card numbers

telecommunications access codes

and computer passwords obtained through hacking.

Chapter 3: The Wiretap Act (p. 93) explains that the act

defined in part by § 2510

applies to the interception of electronic data communications

a common element of sophisticated hacking.

2. United States Code. (2023). Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Office of the Law Revision Counsel

U.S. House of Representatives.

18 U.S.C. § 1030: "Fraud and related activity in connection with computers."

18 U.S.C. § 1029: "Fraud and related activity in connection with access devices."

18 U.S.C. § 2510: "Definitions" for chapter 119

which governs the interception of communications.

3. Kerr

O. S. (2003). Cybercrime's Scope: Interpreting "Access" and "Authorization" in Computer Misuse Statutes. New York University Law Review

78(5)

1596-1668. This academic article provides a detailed legal analysis of the CFAA (18 U.S.C. § 1030) and its central role in defining the legality of computer access

which is the core of hacking. It frequently contrasts the CFAA with related statutes like the Wiretap Act.