Which of the following provides the BEST description of statement coverage?

Statement coverage is a white-box test technique that measures the percentage of executable statements in the source code that have been exercised by a set of tests. Its primary goal is to ensure that every line of executable code has been run at least once. This metric helps identify code that has not been tested, although achieving 100% statement coverage does not guarantee the absence of defects. It is a fundamental structural coverage metric.

A. This describes decision coverage, which focuses on covering the outcomes (e.g., true and false) of decision points, not individual statements.
B. This describes state transition testing, which is a black-box technique used for modeling the behavior of a system, not a white-box technique.
D. This describes an experience-based technique, such as error guessing, which relies on the tester's intuition and experience rather than the code's structure.

ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus V4.0, Section 4.2.2, page 46: "Statement coverage measures the percentage of executable statements that have been exercised by a test suite."

ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus V4.0, Section 4.2, page 45: "White-box test techniques... are based on an analysis of the structure of the component or system."