Frog and Duck Ltd is a new enterprise that has just launched in the technology industry. There are few members of staff and communication is…

The company, Frog and Duck Ltd, is a new enterprise with few staff and informal communication. This scenario perfectly aligns with the first phase of Greiner's Model of Growth, which is the 'creative evolution' or 'Growth through Creativity'. This initial stage is characterized by being young, small, and entrepreneurial. Management is hands-on, and communication is frequent and informal. The organization's primary focus is on creating and selling its products or services, which is typical for a technology start-up. The informal structure allows for rapid innovation and response to market feedback.

A. collaboration evolution: This is the fifth and final phase in Greiner's model, focused on overcoming bureaucracy through teamwork, which is not applicable to a small start-up.

B. co-ordination evolution: This is the fourth phase, where formal systems and procedures are introduced to manage a more complex, decentralized organization.

C. directional evolution: This is the second phase, where formal structures and a clear hierarchy are established to provide direction after the initial creative phase.

1. Greiner, L. E. (1998). Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow. Harvard Business Review, 76(3), 55-67. In the description of Phase 1, Greiner states, "Communication among employees is frequent and informal." and "The organization is young [and] small." This directly supports the characteristics of Frog and Duck Ltd.

2. Daft, R. L. (2020). Organization Theory & Design (13th ed.). Cengage Learning. In Chapter 9, "Organizational Size, Life Cycle, and Decline," the entrepreneurial stage (equivalent to Greiner's creative phase) is described as having an informal, non-bureaucratic structure where the "organization is small" and focused on survival and product creation.

3. Jones, G. R. (2013). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change (7th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 10, "Organizational Life Cycle," outlines Greiner's model, describing the first stage of organizational birth as being characterized by the development of skills and competencies through creativity and an informal structure.