What are two advantages provided by industrial Ethernet? (Choose two answers)

Industrial Ethernet protocols are specifically designed to overcome the limitations of standard Ethernet for use in industrial automation and control systems. The two primary advantages are determinism and support for real-time control. Determinism ensures that data packets arrive within a predictable and guaranteed timeframe, which is critical for synchronized operations like motion control. This deterministic behavior enables real-time control, where physical processes can be managed with high precision and low latency. Standard Ethernet, with its CSMA/CD access method, is non-deterministic and thus unsuitable for these time-critical applications.

A. Encryption is a security function that can be implemented over industrial networks but is not an inherent, defining advantage of the industrial Ethernet protocols themselves.

C. Remote access is a general feature of IP networking and is not a unique advantage of industrial Ethernet compared to standard Ethernet.

1. Fortinet NSE 6 - OT Security 7.6 Study Guide: In the "IT and OT Convergence" section, the guide contrasts the requirements of IT and OT networks. It explicitly states that OT requires "Real-time or near real-time processing" and "Deterministic responses," unlike IT networks which can tolerate latency. (Reference: Fortinet NSE 6 - OT Security 7.6 Study Guide, p. 18).

2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): "Industrial Ethernet is a real-time Ethernet protocol that provides a means for exchanging time-critical information among industrial devices... The key feature of Industrial Ethernet is determinism, which is the ability to guarantee the transmission of data from one point to another in a certain amount of time." (Source: NIST, Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security, SP 800-82 Rev. 2, Section 2.3.3, p. 2-11).

3. Academic Publication: "The main requirements for industrial communication networks are timeliness and reliability... To achieve timeliness, the network must be deterministic, which means that the maximum delay for any message transmission is bounded and known a priori." (Source: Cena, G., Valenzano, A., & Zunino, C. (2003). A review of industrial real-time communication protocols. IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, Proceedings, p. 3. https://doi.org/10.1109/WFCS.2002.1159664).