Select the true statements about the connection-oriented and connectionless types of communication. (Select two answers.)

Connection-oriented communication, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), establishes a dedicated connection or session before any data is sent. This process, often called a handshake, ensures that both ends are ready to communicate. A traditional phone call is a classic real-world analogy: a connection is established when the call is answered and maintained until one party hangs up. In the TCP/IP client-server model, the client is the party that actively initiates the connection request to a server, which passively listens for and accepts such requests.

B. Connectionless communications are usually built on top of UDP (User Datagram Protocol), not TCP. TCP is the canonical example of a connection-oriented protocol.

C. Using walkie-talkies is an example of connectionless communication. A user transmits without first establishing a dedicated session, broadcasting to any device listening on the same frequency.

1. Kurose, J. F., & Ross, K. W. (2017). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th ed.). Pearson.

Section 2.1.2, "The Client-Server Architectural Model": "In the client-server architecture, there is an always-on host, called the server, which services requests from many other hosts, called clients." This supports option A.

Section 3.2, "Connection-Oriented versus Connectionless Service": The text explicitly uses the analogy of a telephone call for connection-oriented service and the postal service for connectionless service. This supports option D and refutes C.

Section 3.5, "Connection-Oriented Transport: TCP": This section details TCP as the primary connection-oriented protocol of the Internet, which directly contradicts option B.

2. Postel, J. (Ed.). (1981). RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol. IETF.

Section 3.3, "Connection Establishment": "To establish a connection, one TCP sends a SYN segment... The other TCP, if it is in a LISTEN state, will see the incoming SYN... and will return a SYN acknowledgment." This document formally defines the connection establishment process where an initiator (client) connects to a listener (server), supporting option A.

3. Python Software Foundation. Python 3.12.3 Documentation, "socket — Low-level networking interface".

Section "Module contents": The documentation specifies socket.SOCKSTREAM for connection-oriented protocols (like TCP) and socket.SOCKDGRAM for connectionless protocols (like UDP). This distinction reinforces why option B is incorrect.