When portfolio managers upload their portfolios onto third-party ESG data provider online platforms, most of these platforms are capable of:

When portfolio managers upload their portfolios onto third-party ESG data provider online

platforms, most of these platforms are capable of producing a measure of the portfolio's relative

carbon exposure.

Carbon Exposure Measurement: ESG data platforms typically offer tools to measure the carbon

footprint of a portfolio, providing insights into the portfolio’s exposure to carbon-intensive

companies.

ESG Metrics: These platforms use company-level data on greenhouse gas emissions and other

related metrics to calculate and compare the carbon exposure of different portfolios relative to

benchmarks or peer groups.

Risk and Controversy Scores: While platforms may offer some insights into controversies or risk

scores, these are often estimates and not exact calculations. The primary focus is usually on relative

exposure measures like carbon intensity.

CFA ESG Investing Reference:

The CFA Institute’s guidance on ESG data providers highlights the importance of carbon exposure

metrics as a key component of portfolio analysis, enabling managers to understand and manage their

environmental impact​​​​.

======