Kayden successfully cracked the final round of interviews at an organization. After a few days, he received his offer letter through an official…

Non-repudiation is an information security assurance that prevents an entity from denying having performed a specific action, such as sending a message, approving a transaction, or signing a document. By using digital or electronic signatures, the system cryptographically binds the identity of the signer to the document. In this scenario, because Kayden cannot deny signing the offer letter and the company cannot deny receiving it, the security element demonstrated is non-repudiation.

A. Availability: Ensures that authorized users have timely and reliable access to information systems and data, which is not the primary function of digital signatures.

C. Integrity: Ensures data has not been altered in transit, but on its own, it does not cryptographically prove the sender's identity to prevent denial of the action.

D. Confidentiality: Ensures that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals, typically achieved via encryption rather than digital signatures.

1. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2017). An Introduction to Information Security (NIST SP 800-12 Rev. 1). Section 2.1: Security Objectives. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-12r1

2. EC-Council. (2023). Certified Cybersecurity Technician (CCT) Official Courseware. Module: Information Security Threats and Vulnerabilities.