Which of these data comes from monitoring rather than application or infrastructure telemetry?

Telemetry is the raw, machine-generated data emitted by applications and infrastructure components. Metrics, logs, and traces are primary forms of telemetry. Monitoring is the process of collecting and analyzing this telemetry to assess system health and performance. An alert is a notification generated by the monitoring system when predefined rules or thresholds, applied to the telemetry data, are breached. Therefore, alerts are a direct output of the monitoring process itself, rather than being a form of raw telemetry from the source system.

A. Metrics are a fundamental type of telemetry, representing numerical measurements emitted directly from a system component.
B. Logs are a form of telemetry, providing timestamped records of events generated by the application or infrastructure.
D. Traces are telemetry data that show the path of a request through a distributed system's components.

1. OpenTelemetry. (n.d.). Signals. CNCF. Retrieved from https://opentelemetry.io/docs/concepts/signals/. This official documentation defines signals (telemetry) as traces, metrics, and logs, which are distinct from the actions taken upon them.

2. Beyer, B., Jones, C., Petoff, J., & Murphy, N. R. (2016). Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems. O'Reilly Media. Chapter 6, "Monitoring Distributed Systems," clearly distinguishes between collecting telemetry (metrics, logs) and the act of alerting, stating, "Alerting is the component of a monitoring system that takes action in response to a metric."