An indication of deception by a suspect during the interviewing process would be:

Deception often induces psychological stress, which can manifest physically through nonverbal cues. A variety of tension-relieving gestures, known as adaptors or displacement activities, are common indicators of this stress. These can include grooming behaviors (e.g., touching the face or hair), fidgeting with objects, or repetitive movements like tapping fingers or feet. While not definitive proof of lying, as stress can have other causes, these behaviors are significant red flags in an investigative interview that suggest discomfort and potential deception, warranting further scrutiny by the interviewer.

A. Direct, spontaneous responses are typically indicators of truthfulness, as they suggest a lack of cognitive effort needed to fabricate a story.

B. Asking clarifying questions is generally a sign of a cooperative and truthful individual who wants to provide an accurate answer.

C. Casual and relaxed changes in position usually indicate comfort, which is contrary to the tension and stress associated with deception.

1. ASIS International. (2012). Protection of Assets (POA)

Investigations. Alexandria

VA: ASIS International. In the chapter on "Interviewing and Interrogation

" the section on "Nonverbal Behavior" details how deceptive individuals often display an increase in "adaptors" or "manipulators

" which are tension-relieving gestures like grooming

fidgeting

and touching the face

as a result of the stress of lying (pp. 3-28 to 3-29).

2. Vrij

A.

& Granhag

P. A. (2012). Eliciting cues to deceit and truth: What matters are the questions asked. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

1(2)

110–117. This article discusses how stress and cognitive load associated with lying manifest in nonverbal behaviors

including an increase in self-manipulations (tension-relieving gestures)

which serve as cues to deception for an interviewer. (p. 111). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.02.004

3. Zuckerman

M.

DePaulo

B. M.

& Rosenthal

R. (1981). Verbal and nonverbal communication of deception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.)

Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 14

pp. 1-59). Academic Press. This foundational research identifies "self-manipulations" (a form of tension-relieving gesture) as one of the more reliable nonverbal indicators associated with the arousal and anxiety caused by deception (pp. 24-26).