Which are common types of economic sanctions? (Choose three.)

Economic sanctions are foreign policy and national security tools used to address threats to international peace and security. The primary types are: Comprehensive sanctions: These are the broadest type, prohibiting most commercial and financial transactions with an entire country (e.g., North Korea, Cuba). Targeted sanctions: These are more focused measures against specific individuals, entities, or groups, such as terrorists or narcotics traffickers, by freezing their assets and blocking transactions. This includes list-based sanctions like the OFAC SDN list. Sectoral sanctions: These are a hybrid approach, targeting key sectors of a country's economy (e.g., finance, energy, defense) by prohibiting specific types of transactions within those sectors.

B. Technological sanctions: This describes a specific restriction (e.g., on software exports) within a broader sanctions program, not a primary category of sanctions.
C. SWIFT network sanctions: Denying access to the SWIFT network is a powerful method or tool for implementing financial sanctions, not a fundamental type of sanction itself.
E. Supervisory sanctions: These are domestic regulatory penalties imposed by a financial supervisor on an institution for compliance failures, distinct from international economic sanctions.

1. ACAMS CAMS6-EN Study Guide (6th Edition). Chapter 3: International AML/CFT Standards, Section on "Sanctions," pp. 138-140. The guide explicitly defines and differentiates between comprehensive, targeted, and sectoral sanctions as the main types.

2. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). "Sanctions Programs and Country Information." The OFAC website clearly delineates its programs into categories that align with comprehensive (e.g., Cuba, Iran), targeted (list-based programs like counter-terrorism), and sectoral sanctions (e.g., against Russia).

3. Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The FATF Recommendations: International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation. (Updated October 2023). Recommendation 6, "Targeted financial sanctions related to terrorism and terrorist financing," establishes targeted sanctions as a core international standard.

4. Nephew, R. (2017). The Art of Sanctions: A View from the Field. Columbia University Press. Chapter 1, "A Framework for Sanctions," pp. 19-22. This academic text from a reputable university press details the framework of sanctions, discussing the evolution from broad, comprehensive sanctions to more modern targeted and sectoral approaches. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/neph18224)