CCST-NETWORKING Practice Questions

The private IP address ranges that are set aside specifically for use within private networks and not

routable on the internet are as follows:

Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

These ranges are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and are used for local

communications within a private network123.

Given the options: A. 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 falls within the Class B private range. B.

192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255 is not a recognized private IP range. C. 11.0.0.0 to 11.255.255.255 is

not a recognized private IP range. D. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 falls within the Class C private

range.

Therefore, the correct selections that the company should use for their private networks are A and D.

Reference :=

Reserved IP addresses on Wikipedia

Private IP Addresses in Networking - GeeksforGeeks

Understanding Private IP Ranges, Uses, Benefits, and Warnings

In the provided image of the Cisco PoE switch, the ports identified with number 6 are the standard

RJ-45 Ethernet ports typically found on switches that provide both data connectivity and Power over

Ethernet (PoE). PoE ports are designed to supply power to devices such as IP phones, wireless access

points, and other PoE-enabled devices directly through the Ethernet cable.

Ports:

•

2: Console port (for management and configuration)

•

3 and 4: Specific function ports (often for management)

•

6: RJ-45 Ethernet ports (capable of providing PoE)

•

7: SFP ports (for fiber connections, typically do not provide PoE)

Thus, the correct answer is C. Ports identified with number 6.

Reference :=

•

Cisco Catalyst 2960-L Series Switches Data Sheet

•

Cisco PoE Overview

• Statement A: "The trace successfully reached the www.cisco.com server." This is true as indicated by the "Trace complete" message at the end, showing that the trace has reached its destination. • Statement C: "The IPv6 address associated with the www.cisco.com server is 2600:1408:c400:38d::b33." This is true because the final hop in the trace, which is the destination, has this IPv6 address. • Statement B: "The trace failed after the fourth hop." This is incorrect as the trace continues beyond the fourth hop, despite some intermediate timeouts. • Statement D: "The routers at hops 5 and 6 are offline." This is not necessarily true. The routers might be configured to not respond to traceroute requests. • Statement E: "The device sending the trace has IPv6 address 2600:1408:c400:38d::b33." This is incorrect; this address belongs to the destination server, not the sender. Reference: • Understanding Traceroute: Traceroute Guide

https://kxbjsyuhceggsyvxdkof.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/file-images/CCST-NETWORKING/page_12_img_1.jpg

During the data encapsulation process, the Data Link layer of the OSI model is responsible for adding

a header that contains MAC addressing information and a trailer used for error checking. The header

typically includes the source and destination MAC addresses, while the trailer contains a Frame

Check Sequence (FCS) which is used for error detection1.

The Data Link layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using

hardware addresses and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer

to transmit. It also controls how data is placed onto the medium and is received from the medium

through the physical hardware.

Reference :=

The OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English

OSI Model - Network Direction

Which layer adds both header and trailer to the data?

What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

To determine if you can reach the router, you should use the ping command followed by the IP address of the router. The ping command is a network utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer. The Default Gateway in the ipconfig results is typically the router’s IP address in a home or small office network. In this case, the Default Gateway is 192.168.0.1, which is the address you would ping to check connectivity to the router. Reference := How to Use the Ping Command Testing Network Connectivity with the Ping Command ========================= To determine if you can reach the router, you should use the ping command with the IP address of the router. Command: ping Target: 192.168.0.1 So, the completed command is: ping 192.168.0.1 Step by Step Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation: ping: The ping command sends ICMP Echo Request messages to the target IP address and waits for an Echo Reply. It is commonly used to test the reachability of a network device. 192.168.0.1: This is the IP address of the default gateway (the router) as shown in the ipconfig output. Pinging this address will help determine if the computer can communicate with the router. Reference: Using the ping Command: ping Command Guide

The two interfaces are administratively shut down: False: The output does not show any "shutdown" command under the interfaces, which would indicate that they are administratively shut down. Therefore, they are likely in their default state, which is administratively up. The two interfaces have default IP addresses assigned: False: The output does not show any IP address configuration. In the default state, interfaces do not have IP addresses assigned unless explicitly configured. The two interfaces can communicate over Layer 2: True: By default, interfaces on a switch are Layer 2 interfaces capable of forwarding Ethernet frames. As there is no configuration provided that changes this, it can be assumed they can communicate over Layer 2. Interface Status: The absence of the "shutdown" command means the interfaces are not administratively shut down. IP Address Assignment: There is no evidence in the output that IP addresses have been assigned to the interfaces, which would typically be shown as "ip address" entries. Layer 2 Communication: Switch interfaces in their default state operate at Layer 2, enabling them to forward Ethernet frames and participate in Layer 2 communication. Reference: Cisco IOS Interface Configuration: Cisco Interface Configuration Understanding Cisco Switch Interfaces: Cisco Switch Interfaces

A firewall can direct all web traffic to a specific IP address. True: Firewalls can be configured to perform Network Address Translation (NAT) and port forwarding, which can direct all web traffic (typically on port 80 and 443) to a specific internal IP address. A firewall can block traffic to specific ports on internal computers. True: Firewalls can be configured with access control lists (ACLs) or rules to block traffic to specific ports on internal computers, enhancing security by restricting unwanted or harmful traffic. A firewall can prevent specific apps from running on a computer. False: Firewalls typically control traffic flow and do not prevent specific applications from running on a computer. Application control is usually managed by endpoint security software or application control systems. Directing Web Traffic: Firewalls can manage traffic redirection using NAT and port forwarding rules to route web traffic to designated servers or devices within the network. Blocking Specific Ports: Firewalls can enforce security policies by blocking or allowing traffic based on port numbers, ensuring that only permitted traffic reaches internal systems. Application Control: While firewalls manage network traffic, preventing applications from running typically requires software specifically designed for endpoint protection and application management. Reference: Understanding Firewalls: Firewall Capabilities Network Security Best Practices: Network Security Guide

The correct matching of the security options to their characteristics is as follows: WPA2-Enterprise: Uses a RADIUS server for authentication WEP: Uses a minimum of 40 bits for encryption WPA2-Personal: Uses AES and a pre-shared key for authentication Here’s why each security option matches the characteristic: WPA2-Enterprise uses a RADIUS server for authentication, which provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is an outdated security protocol that uses a minimum of 40 bits for encryption (and up to 104 bits), which is relatively weak by today’s standards. WPA2-Personal (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 - Personal) uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption and a pre-shared key (PSK) for authentication, which is shared among users to access the network. These security options are essential for protecting wireless networks from unauthorized access and ensuring data privacy.

The correct matching of the MFA factors to their examples is as follows: Entering a one-time security code sent to your device after logging in: Possession Holding your phone to your face to be recognized: Inherence Specifying your user name and password to log on to a service: Knowledge Here’s why each factor matches the example: Possession: This factor is something the user has, like a mobile device. A one-time security code sent to this device falls under this category. Inherence: This factor is something the user is, such as a biometric characteristic. Facial recognition using a phone is an example of this factor. Knowledge: This factor is something the user knows, like a password or PIN. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enhances security by requiring two or more of these factors to verify a user’s identity before granting access. Entering a one-time security code sent to your device after logging in. Factor: Possession Explanation: This factor relates to something you have, such as a device that receives a security code. Holding your phone to your face to be recognized. Factor: Inference (typically referred to as Inherence or Biometric) Explanation: This factor relates to something you are, such as biometric authentication like facial recognition. Specifying your username and password to log on to a service. Factor: Knowledge Explanation: This factor relates to something you know, such as a username and password. Possession Factor: This involves something the user has in their possession. Receiving a one-time security code on a device (e.g., phone) is an example of this. Inference Factor (Inherence/Biometric): This involves something inherent to the user, such as biometric verification (e.g., facial recognition or fingerprint scanning). Knowledge Factor: This involves something the user knows, such as login credentials (username and password). Reference: Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Explained: MFA Guide Understanding Authentication Factors: Authentication Factors

Two home office computers are connected to a switch by Ethernet cables. Network Type: LAN (Local Area Network) Explanation: A LAN connects devices within a limited area such as a home, office, or building, using Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi. Three government buildings in the same city connect to a cable company over coaxial cables. Network Type: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) Explanation: A MAN connects networks across a city or campus, often using fiber optic or coaxial cables. A cell phone connects to a Bluetooth headset. Network Type: PAN (Personal Area Network) Explanation: A PAN connects devices within a personal workspace, typically using wireless technologies like Bluetooth. A financial institution connects its branches through a telecommunications service provider. Network Type: WAN (Wide Area Network) Explanation: A WAN connects multiple LANs over long distances, often using leased lines or satellite links provided by telecommunications companies. LAN (Local Area Network): Used for connecting devices within a small geographical area such as a single building or home. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger geographical area than a LAN, typically a city or campus. PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within the range of an individual person, such as connecting a phone to a Bluetooth headset. WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large geographical areas, connecting multiple LANs across cities, countries, or continents. Reference: Network Types Overview: Cisco Networking Basics Understanding Different Network Types: Network Types Guide