Which of the following is a sixth step in Systems Design Life Cycle?

The Systems Design Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project. While models can vary, a widely accepted seven-phase model is: 1. Planning, 2. Analysis, 3. Design, 4. Development (Building), 5. Testing, 6. Implementation (Installation), and 7. Operations & Maintenance. The sixth phase, Implementation or Installation, involves deploying the tested system into the live production environment. This includes activities like data migration, user training, and the physical installation of hardware and software.

A. Training: Training is a critical sub-activity that occurs within the sixth implementation/installation phase, not a standalone phase itself in this context.
C. Operations: This is the seventh and final phase of the SDLC, which begins only after the system has been successfully installed and is running.
D. Building: This refers to the development or coding phase, which is the fourth step in the SDLC, occurring well before testing and installation.

1. Florida State University, College of Communication & Information. (n.d.). The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). LIS 2780 Course Guide. Retrieved from https://guides.lib.fsu.edu/c.php?g=1222451&p=9010501.

Reference Point: The guide explicitly lists the seven phases of the SDLC, identifying "Implementation" as the sixth phase.

2. University of Texas at Austin, McCombs School of Business. (n.d.). The Systems Development Life Cycle. Tech Articles. Retrieved from https://www.mccombs.utexas.edu/tech-articles/the-systems-development-life-cycle/.

Reference Point: This article outlines the seven phases, clearly stating that the sixth phase is "Implementation," which involves installing the system for user access.

3. Valacich, J. S., & George, J. F. (2020). Modern Systems Analysis and Design (9th ed.). Pearson.

Reference Point: Chapter 1, "The Systems Development Environment," describes the SDLC. While it presents a condensed four-phase model, the detailed breakdown shows that implementation (which includes installation, documentation, and training) follows the design and precedes the operation phase. The more granular, traditional model places it as the sixth step.