Which of the following Is considered a heavyweight risk-based testing technique'

Hazard analysis is considered a formal, heavyweight risk-based testing technique. Heavyweight techniques are rigorous, highly structured, and typically applied in safety-critical, mission-critical, or highly regulated domains (e.g., medical devices, aerospace, automotive) to identify and mitigate severe risks. Other examples of heavyweight techniques include Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). These require significant documentation and formal processes compared to lightweight techniques.

- Option A: Systematic software testing (SST) is considered a lightweight risk-based testing technique, focusing on requirements-based risk assessment without extreme formal rigor.
- Option B: Pragmatic risk analysis (such as PRAM) is a lightweight, less formal technique designed for rapid and flexible risk assessment.
- Option C: Brainstorming is an informal, lightweight technique used to quickly gather risk ideas from stakeholders without rigorous structuring.

- ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level Syllabus - Test Manager (v2012), Section 5.2.2 "Risk Identification" and Section 5.2.3 "Risk Assessment" (distinguishing between Heavyweight and Lightweight techniques).

- ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-1:2013 Software and systems engineering — Software testing, Concepts of Risk-Based Testing.