Which of the following is an example of a "shift left" testing strategy?

Shift Left Testing means moving testing earlier in the development process, so defects are found

sooner and fixes are cheaper.

Unit testing as part of CI is the classic “shift left” strategy: automated unit tests run with every code

change, catching errors before code moves further down the pipeline.

Testing in production (A) is “shift right.”

Manual testing (B) is typically late-stage and not automated.

Biannual vulnerability assessments (D) are after-the-fact and far from “shift left.”

Extract-style reference:

“Shift left means performing testing activities earlier, for example by including unit tests in the CI

process, reducing costly late-stage defects.”

— DevOps Handbook

PeopleCert Foundation: “Shift left” is a key DevOps testing principle—find issues fast, fix fast, deploy

safely.