What are the two approaches for calculating scope 2 emissions associated with electricity usage? (2 options)

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol defines two distinct approaches for calculating Scope 2 emissions from electricity consumption: location-based and market-based methods. The location-based method uses average emission factors for the electricity grid where consumption occurs, while the market-based method reflects emissions from electricity that companies have purposefully chosen through contractual instruments like renewable energy certificates or power purchase agreements.

B. Energy-Based: This is not a recognized methodology in the GHG Protocol for Scope 2 calculations.

D. Grid-Based: While grids are considered in calculations, this is not an official method name per the GHG Protocol.

1. Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 2 Guidance (2015), Section 4.1-4.2, Pages 23-28: Defines location-based and market-based methods for Scope 2 accounting. Available at: https://ghgprotocol.org/scope2guidance

2. Salesforce Net Zero Cloud Implementation Guide, Chapter 3 "Emissions Calculations", Section 3.2: Details configuration of location-based and market-based calculation methods in Net Zero Cloud.

3. Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Technical Manual Version 2.0 (2021), Section 5.2, Page 41: References the dual reporting requirement for Scope 2 using both methods.