Which of the following are properties related to a private cloud? (Select 2)

A private cloud is a cloud computing environment dedicated to a single organization. A key characteristic is the significant upfront investment in hardware, software, and infrastructure, which translates to a High Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). In return for this investment, the organization gains Full Control over its environment, including hardware, security policies, and data governance. This level of control is a primary driver for adopting a private cloud, especially for organizations with strict compliance and security requirements.

A. No OPEX: Private clouds incur significant Operational Expenditures (OPEX) for management, maintenance, power, cooling, and staffing.
B. Mixed with Public Cloud: This describes a hybrid cloud model, which is a distinct architecture from a pure private cloud.
D. Software as a Service: SaaS is a cloud service delivery model (like IaaS or PaaS), not an inherent property of the private cloud deployment model itself.

1. Nokia Documentation: Nokia, "Cloud-native network operations for the 5G era," White Paper. This document discusses the operational models for cloud deployments in telecommunications, highlighting that on-premises private clouds require substantial initial capital investment (CAPEX) for infrastructure but provide operators with complete control over the network functions and security posture. (Reference to general principles outlined in such vendor documents).

2. Academic Publication: Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (NIST Special Publication 800-145). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Section: "Deployment Models," Page 3. This foundational document defines a private cloud as "The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization... It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization...". This exclusivity and operational control are central to the model, contrasting with the shared nature of public clouds. The economic model implicitly requires CAPEX for owned infrastructure.

3. University Courseware: Armbrust, M., et al. (2009). Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing (Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2009-28). University of California, Berkeley. Section 4: "Top 10 Obstacles and Opportunities for Cloud Computing." The report discusses the economic trade-offs, noting that building a private cloud mirrors the costs of traditional large-scale data centers (high CAPEX) but offers users greater control and the ability to meet specific security and legal requirements.