A software project requires data to be secure due to export control regulations The software project needs to be running on the client's virtual machines, and the client does not want to connect to the software through their enterprise VPN. Which of the following cloud ownership and service model combinations should the client use?

For secure data handling due to export control regulations, running on the client's virtual machines without connecting through an enterprise VPN, the combination of a private cloud and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is suitable. This setup allows the client to have dedicated infrastructure and control over their data environment, ensuring compliance with security and regulatory requirements.
Reference: NIST SP 800-145, which provides guidelines on cloud computing and defines private cloud and IaaS models for enhanced security and control.