[Developing AV Solutions] The bending or changing direction of a light ray as it passes through material is called

Refraction is the physical phenomenon where a wave, such as light, changes direction as it

passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index. This bending occurs

because the speed of light changes as it enters the new material. For example, a light ray bends

when it travels from air into a glass lens. This principle is fundamental to how lenses in projectors

and cameras focus light to create an image.

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1. AVIXA. (2020). CTS Certified Technology Specialist Exam Guide, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill.

Chapter 5, "Creating AV Solutions," Section: "Light, Lenses, and Images," p. 168. "Refraction is

the bending of a light ray's path as it passes from a medium of one density into a medium of a

different density."

2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) OpenCourseWare. (2007). Physics II: Electricity

and Magnetism, Spring 2007. Section: "Lecture 24: Geometric Optics," Subsection: "Refraction."

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/8-02-physics-ii-electricity-and-magnetism-spring-2007/resources/lecs

24/

3. Hecht, E. (2017). Optics (5th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 4, "The Propagation of Light," Section

4.4, "Refraction," pp. 100-101. (A standard university-level physics textbook).