Through which document programmes establish the context in which risks will be identified and assessed and responses planned and implemented?

A risk register is a central document where all identified risks are recorded, along with their probability, impact, potential responses, and mitigation strategies. It provides the framework for managing risks throughout a project or program, setting the stage for identifying and addressing potential issues. 

While an issue register documents problems encountered during a project, it doesn't define the overall risk management context. Issues are specific problems that arise during execution, whereas risks are potential threats that could impact the project's objectives.