What is defined as new understanding that is embedded into ways of working?

According to the Managing Successful Programmes (MSP) framework, a 'lesson' is defined as a new understanding gained from experience. The critical part of this definition is that this understanding is then "embedded into the ways of working to improve future performance." This directly aligns with the question's phrasing. The process ensures that valuable insights from programme activities are not just recorded but actively used to modify and enhance future practices, processes, and decision-making.

A. Retrospectives: A retrospective is a meeting or ceremony used to identify potential lessons and opportunities for improvement, but it is not the embedded understanding itself.
C. Lines of defence: This is a governance and risk management model that structures responsibilities for control and oversight, not a term for embedded learning.
D. Communities of practice: These are groups of people who share knowledge and best practices; they are a mechanism for sharing lessons, not the lessons themselves.

AXELOS. (2020). Managing Successful Programmes (MSP) 5th Edition. TSO (The Stationery Office).

Glossary, Page 318: Defines a "Lesson" as: "New understanding gained from experience that is embedded into the ways of working to improve future performance." This is a direct match to the question's definition.

Section 4.4, Learning from experience principle, Page 29: "Learning from experience is about continually improving. It requires a willingness to question and challenge the current ways of working, and to embed the lessons from experience into the organization’s culture." This reinforces the concept of embedding the learning.